为深入挖掘与探讨论文评价指标的学科差异性，文章将社会科学与自然科学领域的九种学科做对比，选择学科综合性期刊PLOS ONE高被引论文的PLOS使用指标、Scopus引用指标、Twitter讨论指标为例，进行实证研究。一方面，探讨九种学科领域的学术论文使用、引用、讨论指标数值特征；另一方面，观察九种学科领域的学术论文使用、引用、讨论指标随时间变化的及时性、波动性、持续性特征，发现不同学科的指标数据动态变化规律。最后，根据不同学科的指标数值特征与动态变化规律，提出基于学科差异的学术论文影响力评价方法，以弱化各学科的指标特征差异。

In order to evaluate the quality and influence of papers in different disciplines fairly and objectively, this paper compares the nine disciplines in the field of social sciences and natural sciences, and taking the PLOS usage indicator, Scopus citation indicator, and Twitter discussion indicator of the comprehensive journal of PLOS ONE, as examples to conduct empirical research. On the one hand, it discusses the use, citation, and discussion index of numerical characteristics of academic papers in nine subject areas. On the other hand, it observes the timeliness, volatility, and sustainability of the usage, citation, and discussion of indicators in nine subject areas over time, and discovers the dynamic changes of indicator data in different disciplines. Finally, according to the numerical characteristics and dynamics of different disciplines, the indicators applicable to each subject are selected, and the evaluation methods of academic papers based on disciplinary differences are proposed, to reduce differentia between different disciplines.