[目的/意义]科研评价是科研管理的有效手段，但科研评价的具体实施常常备受争议。明晰科研评价的基础理论，有利于评价者与被评价者在实际应用中透彻理解与正确采用恰当的工具与方法，促进科研评价的良性循环。[方法/过程]本文将结合科学计量学、科学学等研究领域的基础理论，从科学的发展、同行评议制度、代表作评价制度、定量评价的常见误区、传统文献检索系统的转型五个方面阐述对科研评价的思考。[结果/结论]事实证明，科学计量学、科学学等领域的基础理论已经并将继续为科研评价体系的完善与落实发挥重要支撑作用。

[Purpose/significance] The research assessmentis considered as an effective means of research management, but its implementationis usually controversial. Clarification of research assessment from a basic theory perspective could help the evaluatorsand researchers well interpret and wisely employ appropriate indicators and tools in practice, fostering a virtuous circle for research assessment. [Method/process] This paper aimed atclarifyingthe reflections of research assessmentfrom five aspects: development of science, peer review, review of representative works, common misunderstandingsabout quantitative evaluation, and transformation of traditional literature retrieval system, based on the basic theoriesinresearch fields of scientometrics and science of science. [Result/conclusion] Itisthetruththatbasic theoriesinscientometrics and science of science fields have played and will continue to play an important supporting role in the improvement and implementation of research assessment.