[目的/意义]FAIR原则已经成为科学数据管理的国际准则，研究该原则的理念内涵将有助于我国科学数据管理工作的布局与实践。[方法/过程]基于文献调研和网络调研，首先从时代特性角度分析了FAIR原则的产生背景；然后透过关键语词详细解析了可发现、可访问、可互操作、可重用4项子原则的具体内容；最后从学术会议、研究成果、科学计划、数据出版四个方面介绍了FAIR原则的研究与实践进展。[结果/结论]文章认为，数据资源持续积累、科学研究范式变革、数据共享全球行动为FAIR原则产生奠定了背景，4项子原则及其15条具体原则层层递进，共同描绘了FAIR体系。未来的科学数据共享系统将朝着融合化、智能化、生态化方向发展。

[Purpose/significance]The FAIR principle has become the international standard for scientific data management, studying the concept and connotation of this principle will help the layout and practice of national scientific data management. [Method/process] Based on literature research and online research. Firstly, the background of the FAIR principle is introduced from the perspective of the characteristics of the times. Then, analyzes the specific content of the four sub-principles that are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable through key words. Finally, introduces the research and practical progress on FAIR principle from four aspects: academic conferences, research results, scientific plans, and data publishing.[Result/conclusion] The article believes that the continuous accumulation of data resources, the change of scientific research paradigm, and the global action of data sharing have laid the background for the emergence of FAIR principles. The four sub-principles and their 15 specific principles are progressively advanced, and together describe the FAIR system. We deem that future scientific data sharing system will develop towards integration, intelligence, and ecology.