[目的/意义]美国作为开放科学程度最高的国家之一，其实践经验具有借鉴价值。文章通过深入探究“开 放科学年”内的项目，为我国开放科学实践提供有益启示。[方法/过程]首先，通过网络调研法，筛选出17项“开放 科学年”实践项目；接着，从开放科学政策、开放获取途径、开放科学意识提升三个维度对这些项目进行分析；最 后，总结出“美国开放科学年”内的实践特征。[结果/结论]美国在开放科学方面强调以政策引导政府和社会多方 力量共同参与、以开放科学基础设施保障开放获取质量、以线上线下多元化社会开放科学活动提升全民开放科学 意识。从政策、开放获取和开放意识角度为我国开放科学发展提出了相关建议。

[Purpose/significance] As one of the countries with the highest degree of open science, the practical experi⁃ ence of the United States is of reference value. This paper provides useful enlightenment for the practice of open sci⁃ ence in our country by deeply exploring the projects in "Open Science Year". [Method/process] Firstly, 17 "Open Sci⁃ ence Year" projects were selected through network research. Then, these projects are analyzed from three dimensions: open science policy, open access approach and open science awareness promotion. Finally, the paper summarizes the characteristics of practice in the American Year of Open Science. [Result/conclusion] It is found that in terms of open science, the United States emphasizes that policies guide the participation of government and various social forces, open science infrastructure ensures the quality of open access, and online and offline diversified social open science ac⁃ tivities enhance the public's awareness of open science. Some suggestions are put forward for the development of open science in China from the perspectives of policy, open access and open consciousness.