[目的/意义]预印本已成为一种新型学术交流和最新成果传播的方式，随着预印本在学术交流中的作用日益显著，培养科研人员的预印本素养成为一种新的需求。[方法/过程]文章采用文献调查法和网络调查法等方法，深入剖析预印本素养的概念、构成，论述图书馆提升科研人员预印本素养的必要性，并提出图书馆提升科研人员预印本素养的具体路径。[结果/结论]预印本素养是科研人员在使用和参与预印本及相关平台时所应具备的意识、知识和能力。预印本素养涵盖六个关键维度：认知、需求、意识、伦理、评价与能力。图书馆作为知识传递和学术交流体系中的重要机构，必须担负起培养科研人员预印本素养的责任。图书馆应主动适应学术交流的新模式，将预印本纳入馆藏资源体系，宣传预印本对科研人员的价值，增强科研人员对预印本的认知与使用能力，持续提升其预印本素养。

[Purpose/significance] Preprints have emerged as a novel form of academic communication and dissemina⁃tion of the latest research findings. As the role of preprints in scholarly communication becomes increasingly signifi⁃cant, there is a growing need to cultivate preprint literacy among researchers and users. [Method/process] This paper employs a combination of literature review and online survey methods to comprehensively analyze the connotation and components of preprint literacy. It discusses the necessity of libraries enhancing researchers' preprint literacy and pro⁃poses specific pathways for libraries to improve users' preprint literacy capabilities. [Result/conclusion] Preprint liter⁃acy is the awareness, knowledge and ability that researchers should have when using and participating in preprints and related platforms. Preprint literacy covers six key dimensions: cognition, needs, awareness, ethics, evaluation and com⁃petence. Libraries, as an important institution in the knowledge transfer and academic communication system, should take the responsibility of cultivating preprint literacy among researchers. Libraries should take the initiative to adapt to the new mode of academic communication, incorporate preprints into the collection resources system, publicize the val⁃ue of preprints to researchers, enhance researchers' knowledge and ability to use preprints, and continuously improvetheir preprint literacy.