[目的/意义]开放政府数据是开发利用数据要素的重要方式，公众参与是其中的重要一环，但公众利用意愿与行为的悖离，阻碍了数据价值的实现。[方法/过程]基于AMO-TPB理论框架建立研究模型，选取长三角地区550名公众开展问卷调查，通过回归分析明确悖离成因；然后基于解释结构模型确定成因的作用路径，进而阐释公众利用意愿向行为转化的有效途径。[结果/结论]感知行为控制、行为态度、设施完备、数据质量和风险态度是公众利用意愿与行为悖离的成因，其中，设施完备、数据质量和风险态度将分别影响感知行为控制和行为态度，进而影响公众利用意愿与行为悖离。

[Purpose/significance] Open government data is an important way to develop and use data elements, and public participation is an important part of it. However, the deviation between the public use willingness and behavior hinders the realization of data value. [Method/process] Based on the AMO-TPB theoretical framework, a research model was established, and 550 members of the public in the Yangtze River Delta region were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey. The causes of the deviation were clarified by regression analysis. Meanwhile, based on the inter⁃pretative structural model, the action paths of the causes were determined, and then effective ways to transform the pub⁃lic use willingness into behavior was explained. [Result/conclusion] Perceived behavioral control, behavioral attitude,complete facilities, data quality and risk attitude are the causes of deviation between public use willingness and behav⁃ior. Among them, complete facilities, data quality and risk attitude will affect perceived behavioral control and behavior⁃
al attitude respectively, and then affect deviation between public use willingness and behavior.