[目的/意义]在当前中国哲学社会科学研究成果数量快速增长而质量参差不齐的背景下，学术评价体系的价值异化问题依然突出。“唯论文、唯职称、唯学历、唯奖项”及“唯帽子”等倾向以及评价过程的片面化、绝对化现象，严重制约了学术的积累、创新与健康发展。中国人民大学发起的“主文献”评选工程，作为一种新型学术评价与知识管理方式，试图回归学术评价的本源价值，重塑学术生态。[方法/过程]以学术“全评价”理论为分析框架，结合案例分析法，在系统剖析现行学术评价体系问题的基础上，阐释“主文献”评选的概念缘起、运行机制及其六大评价要素（目的、主体、客体、方法、标准与制度）。[结果/结论“] 主文献”评选在三个层面推动了学术评价的价值重塑：在价值理性层面，强调学术内容本身的质量与创新；在内容理解层面，倡导基于专家深度阅读的定性判断；在生态构建层面，引导学术共同体回归求真务实的学风。完善“主文献”体系需加强元评价机制建设、提炼核心概念、增强必读属性、促进主流融合、建立动态更新机制，从而更好地发挥其在促进知识有效积累、激发学术创新、推动中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系与话语体系构建中的积极作用。

[Purpose/significance] Against the backdrop of rapidly increasing but unevenly quality academic research output in China's philosophy and social sciences, the issue of value alienation in the academic evaluation system re⁃mains prominent. Tendencies such as "papers-only, titles-only, degrees-only, awards-only" and "titles-only", along with one-sided and absolutist evaluation practices, severely constrain the accumulation, innovation, and healthy devel⁃opment of academia. The "classic literature" selection initiative launched by Renmin University of China, as a novel ac⁃ademic evaluation and knowledge management approach, seeks to restore the intrinsic value of academic evaluation and reshape the academic ecosystem. [Method/process] Using the "comprehensive evaluation" theory as an analytical framework and combining case study methods, this paper systematically analyzes the problems of the current academic evaluation system, then elaborates on the conceptual origins, operational mechanisms, and six evaluation elements of the "classic literature" selection (purpose, subject, object, method, standards, and system). [Result/conclusion] The "classic literature" selection promotes the value reconstruction of academic evaluation across three dimensions: at the value rationality level, it emphasizes the quality and innovation of academic content itself; at the content comprehen⁃sion level, it advocates qualitative judgments based on expert in-depth reading; and at the ecosystem construction lev⁃el, it guides the academic community to return to a pragmatic and truth-seeking scholarly ethos. To improve the "clas⁃sic literature" system, it is necessary to strengthen meta-evaluation mechanisms, refine core concepts, enhance manda⁃tory reading attributes, promote mainstream integration, and establish dynamic update mechanisms, thereby better le⁃veraging its positive role in facilitating effective knowledge accumulation, stimulating academic innovation, and advanc⁃ing the construction of discipline systems and discourse frameworks in Chinese-characteristic philosophy and social
sciences.