[目的/意义]面向数字经济发展中的迫切需要，架构数据交易平台建设的理论框架，调研其建设模式，可为数据要素市场化配置优化提供理论支撑，为相关平台实践提供指导。[方法/过程]运用LDA主题模型对政策文本进行主题建模，构建数据交易平台理论框架；并基于该框架，运用平台调研方法，对代表性政府主导型平台和企业主导型平台进行比较分析。[结果/结论]构建了数据交易平台建设“五位一体”理论框架，政府主导型平台更关注平台生态建设与合规要求，采取“政策导向+生态协同+规范指引”的建设模式；而企业主导型平台则聚焦于灵活服务与价值变现，采取“自主灵活+精准营销+多元服务”的建设模式。两类平台建设实践基本符合政策导向，政府主导型平台应加强技术创新、推进数据供给、提升市场化运作能力，企业主导型平台应深化合作关系、完善合规机制、加强全流程管理。

[Purpose/significance] Addressing critical needs in digital economy development, this study establishes a theoretical framework for data trading platforms and investigates their construction modes, providing theoretical and practical guidance for platform operations. [Method/process] Applying the LDA model to policy texts for topic model⁃ing, this study constructed the framework of data trading platforms, followed by comparative case studies of representa⁃tive government-led and enterprise-led platforms through systematic platform investigations. [Result/conclusion]This study established a five-in-one theoretical framework for data trading platforms. Government-led platforms pay more attention to platform ecological construction and compliance requirements, which adopt the constructing mode of "policy orientation+ecological synergy+normative guidance". Enterprise-led platforms focus on flexible service and value realization, which adopt the construction mode of "flexibility and autonomy+precision marketing+diversified ser⁃vice". The two types of platform construction basically conform to the policy orientation. The government-led platforms should strengthen technological innovation, promote data supply and enhance market-oriented operation ability. Enter⁃prise-led platforms should deepen cooperation, improve compliance mechanism and strengthen whole process manage⁃ment.