This paper proposes three characteristic indexes of the measurement indicator based on the time series analysis method: the Timeliness index(T), Volatility index(V) and Sustainability index(P), and establish a characteristic identification model of measurement indicator based on three-dimensional scatterplot. It is used to study the dynamic change characteristics of ALM, and analyzes the role of different indicators at different time periods in evaluating the impact of paper. Taking the PLOS usage indicator, Scopus cited indicator, and Twitter discussion indicator of the PLOS website as examples, the top 50 highly cited papers of the 2016 journal PLOS ONE were selected as data samples for empirical research. It is found that the PLOS usage indicator has the characteristics of high timeliness, low volatility, and high persistence. The average usage of papers throughout the entire life cycle can be used as an academic indicator. Scopus cited indicator with low timeliness, high volatility, and high persistence feature can be used as a indicator in medium and long-term of academic papers. Twitter discussion indicator have the characteristics of low timeliness, low volatility, and low persistence. The discussion in the first month of academic papers can be considered as a social influence indicator.