Abstract: [Purpose/significance] Emergency intelligence is a vital guarantee resource that determines the success orfailure of major epidemic prevention and control. Its generation and optimization research have important practical significance for major epidemic prevention and control. [Method/process] Based on the theoretical basis of knowledgefermentation model, and the analogy logic of the similarity between biological fermentation and intelligence generation,the paper analyzes the mechanisms of elements, process and functions of emergency intelligence fermentation in theprevention and control of major epidemic from micro, meso and macro dimensions. And then we build an emergency intelligence fermentation model for the prevention and control of major epidemic. On this basis, specific emergency intelligence efficiency enhancement strategies are proposed to realize the modernization of emergency management systemsand management capabilities in the prevention and control of major epidemic. [Result/conclusion] The emergency intelligence fermentation for major epidemic prevention and control mainly includes seven elements. In the fermentationprocess evolution of brewing, evolution, peak, and decay, the functions of pilot perception, decision support, and comprehensive management are realized.