[Purpose/significance] Exploring the influencing factors of ecological governance of scientific research big data is conducive to promoting the benign development of scientific research big data and the optimal regeneration of data resources. [Method/process] Based on the research method of grounded theory, this thesis conducted interviews with the survey subjects and summarized the interview data. Based on this, it analyzed the needs of people in different fields for the use of big data in scientific research, built the framework model of primary, associated and secondary influ? encing factors, and analyzed the correlation among the influencing factors. Finally, the paper puts forward some optimi? zation suggestions for data governance according to the needs of different groups. [Result/conclusion] The ecological governance of scientific research big data is affected by the original data, associated environment, secondary resources and other factors. Specifically, the initial quality and transmission process of data affect the quality of the original data, and are also affected by associated factors such as the standardization of data governance architecture, the fit degree of governance technology, and the amount of talent accumulation. The final output data resources are used as secondary factors to feedback and update the governance process. On the whole, an ecological governance framework of "input + output", "internal regulation + external circulation" and "governance + feedback" has been formed.