[Purpose/significance] Preprints have emerged as a novel form of academic communication and dissemina⁃tion of the latest research findings. As the role of preprints in scholarly communication becomes increasingly signifi⁃cant, there is a growing need to cultivate preprint literacy among researchers and users. [Method/process] This paper employs a combination of literature review and online survey methods to comprehensively analyze the connotation and components of preprint literacy. It discusses the necessity of libraries enhancing researchers' preprint literacy and pro⁃poses specific pathways for libraries to improve users' preprint literacy capabilities. [Result/conclusion] Preprint liter⁃acy is the awareness, knowledge and ability that researchers should have when using and participating in preprints and related platforms. Preprint literacy covers six key dimensions: cognition, needs, awareness, ethics, evaluation and com⁃petence. Libraries, as an important institution in the knowledge transfer and academic communication system, should take the responsibility of cultivating preprint literacy among researchers. Libraries should take the initiative to adapt to the new mode of academic communication, incorporate preprints into the collection resources system, publicize the val⁃ue of preprints to researchers, enhance researchers' knowledge and ability to use preprints, and continuously improvetheir preprint literacy.