[目的/意义]阐释科学数据政策结构与演进逻辑，有助于推进科学数据管理制度建设，提升科学数据开放 共享水平。[方法/过程]文章构建基于政策引文、政策主体与政策主题的三维分析框架，运用文献研究法、社会网 络分析法探究2001—2022年中央级科学数据政策的结构特征与演进逻辑。[结果/结论]政策演进可分为起步期、 发展期、转型期和创新期四个阶段；各阶段的政策引文、主体与主题的结构特征各异。政策演进逻辑体现为法律 保障与战略规划并行、业务分工与部门协作共存、平台开发与制度建设协同三个方面。未来应从战略规划、平台 建设与数据安全制度建设三个方面着力营造开放共享科学数据生态。

 [Purpose/significance] Explaining structure and evolution of science data policy can promote the construc⁃ tion of science data management system and improve the level of open sharing of science data. [Method/process]This paper constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework based on policy citations, policy subjects and policy themes, and uses the literature research method and social network analysis method to explore the structure and evolution of central level science data policies from 2001 to 2022. [Result/conclusion] It is found that the policy evolution can be divided into four stages: the initial stage, the development stage, the transitional stage, and the innovative stage; at the policy networks of the four stages, the structural features of policy citations, subjects and themes are different. The sus⁃ tainable development of policies benefits from legal protection and top-level planning, the division and collaboration government departments, and the coordination of science data sharing platform and system. To create open and shared science data ecology, the governments should formulate science data strategic plan, build a national integrated science data sharing platform, and accelerate the construction of data security system.