[目的/意义]公共文化服务数字化虽然为用户提供了便利，但也提高了公共文化服务的获取门槛，给老年用户带来了数字负担。文章以期消解公共文化服务数字化下的老年用户数字负担，保障老年用户数字文化权益，促进公共文化服务均等化发展。[方法/过程]文章主要探讨公共文化服务数字化情境下老年用户数字负担的形成机制，基于认知负荷理论提出老年用户数字负担的影响假设。以国家文化云为例，采用问卷调查法收集数据，通过结构方程模型（SEM）对假设路径进行检验，并使用人工神经网络（ANN）进行模型稳定性检验。[结果/结论]信息过载、任务复杂度和系统设计过载会显著加剧老年用户的数字负担，而先前经验可以有效缓解用户数字负担；各变量对数字负担的影响程度排序为任务复杂度>系统设计过载>先前经验>信息过载。

[Purpose/significance] While the digitisation of public cultural services may facilitate users' access to cul⁃tural resources, it also raises the threshold of access to public cultural services, placing a burden on elderly users. This paper is proposed to eliminate the digital burden of elderly users under the digitalisation of public cultural services, to protect the digital cultural rights and interests of elderly users, and to promote the development of equalisation of public cultural services. [Method/process] The article mainly explores the formation mechanism of digital burden of elderly users in the context of digitisation of public cultural services, and puts forward the influence hypothesis of digital bur⁃den of elderly users based on cognitive load theory. Taking the National Cultural Cloud as an example, the question⁃naire survey method is used to collect data, the hypothesised paths are tested by structural equation modelling, and the
model stability test is conducted using artificial neural network. [Result/conclusion] The results show that information overload, task complexity and system design overload significantly exacerbate the digital burden of elderly users, while prior experience can effectively alleviate users' digital burden. Meanwhile, the ranking of the influence of each variable on digital burden is task complexity>system design overload>prior experience>information overload.